The prescription of synthetic estrogen and progestin (a form of progesterone) was used for the treatment of gynecological disorders in 1957. By 1960 it was discovered, quite by accident that they were also an excellent birth control method and became FDA approved for that purpose. By 1963 approximately one million women were taking it, and today there are 11 million women using this form of contraception. If taken correctly and consistently the birth control pill is 98-99% effective. Due to this and its overall safety and convenience it has become the most popular birth control method today. It however does still allow 1-2% failure and also does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Most birth control pills today contain synthetic estrogen and progestin (a form of progesterone). The amount and the type of estrogen and progestin vary with each pill. These two hormones work in several ways to prevent conception. Firstly, and most importantly they prevent ovulation, which is the release of an egg from the ovary. This is achieved by suppression of the Pituitary Gland. This subsequently fools your body into thinking it is already pregnant. These hormones also change the environment in the cervix and uterus in two different ways. Firstly by thickening the mucus surrounding the cervix to make it more difficult for sperm to swim through to get into the uterus. Secondly they make the lining of the uterus (the womb) unpalatable or inhospitable for an egg. This last process inhibits the ability of the egg to attach to the wall of the uterus, which signals to the rest of the body that there is a viable egg ready to grow into a fetus. With these three processes all working at the same time the 98-99% effectiveness rate is achieved.
There are two main types of birth control pills. The combination pill and the mini-pill. The combination pill (most common) contains estrogen and progestin and works as above as a triple threat. This comes in a 28 day pack or a 21 day pack. The 28 day pack is 21 birth control pills and 7 placebos. This is for ease of use or preference of the patient. The 21 day pack is just the birth control pills and the patient takes nothing for the remaining 7 days. Either pill regulates your menstrual cycle so your periods will come exactly every 28 days, if taken correctly and consistently.
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There are other benefits and uses of birth control pills today. One such benefit is the balancing of elevated hormonal activity in general in the body. This process also improves skin quality and is therefore used to control moderate cases of acne. It has also been reported that the pill helps reduce abdominal pain (cramping) and menstrual symptoms in general. This balancing of hormones is also thought to reduce your chances of getting endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer and cysts. This process also protects against various infections that might develop in your fallopian tubes such as pelvic inflammatory disease.
Their are many side effects from taking these hormones. The most common ones usually subside within 2-3 weeks. Below is a list of common side effects:
Dizziness
Breast tenderness
Diminished libido
Spotting or irregular bleeding
Headaches including migraines
Mood swings
Morning nausea (may be reduced by taking pill in pm not am)
Weight gain (difficulty losing body fat)
Bone loss -Osteoporosis
Infertility
Chronic yeast infections
Palpitations
Bloating
Loose stool
Hair changes
Increased fluid retention
Less ability to build muscle mass
There are also more serious side effects that are often from long term use. Below is a list of serious side effects:
blood clots
high blood pressure
blurred vision
depression
heart attack & stroke
liver damage
deep vein thrombosis & pulmonary embolism
cervical & breast cancer
higher risk of endometriosis
cysts
increase in gallstones
susceptability to development of cataracts
low immune function
higher risk of ectopic pregnancy
Systematic lupus erythematosus
Heart valve condition
Severe diabetes
Cancer of the genital tract
Birth control pills are not recommended in women over 35 or for women who smoke. Both of these factors increase the risk of common & serious side effects, especially heart attack and stroke. It is also not recommended in women who have already had a heart attack or stroke, kidney or liver disease, gall bladder disease, obesity, unmanageable diabetes, sickle cell, epilepsy, uterine bleeding or ovarian cysts.
This article was written by Dr. Danielle Morgan, D.C., a retired chiropractor. If you're considering hormonal contraception in the form of birth control pills this article is a must read!
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/8133183
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